Mount Krakatau

Krakatau is a volcanic archipelago that are still active and located in the Sunda Strait between Java and Sumatra. This name ever pinned on a volcanic peak there (Mount Krakatoa), which vanish because of its own eruptions on 26-27 August 1883. The eruption was so powerful; hot clouds and the resulting tsunami killed about 36,000 people. Up until December 26, 2004, this is a terdahsyat tsunami in the Indian Ocean region. Cracking noise was heard up in Alice Springs, Australia and the island of Rodrigues near Africa, 4653 miles. Yield estimated at 30,000 times the atomic bomb that was detonated in Hiroshima and Nagasaki at the end of World War II.Sunda Strait
The eruption of Krakatoa caused global climate change. The world was dark for two and a half days due to volcanic ash that covered the atmosphere. The sun was shining dim until next year. Scattering of dust visible in the sky Norway to New York.
The explosion of Krakatoa is actually still less than the eruption of Mount Toba and Mount Tambora in Indonesia, Mount Tanpo in New Zealand and the Mount Katmal in Alaska. However, these mountains erupted deep in the human population is still very small. Meanwhile, when Mount Krakatoa erupted, the human population is dense enough, science and technology has evolved, the telegraph was invented, and subsea cable already installed. Thus we can say that moment of information technology is growing and developing rapidly.
Noted that the eruption of Krakatoa was the first major disaster in the world after the invention of the telegraph under the sea. Progress is, unfortunately, has not been matched by progress in the field of geology. The geologist was not even able to give an explanation of these eruptions.
Development of Mount Krakatau
Mount Krakatau AncientSeeing the area of ​​Mount Krakatau in the Sunda Strait, experts estimate that in ancient times there is a huge mountain in the Sunda Strait that finally erupted explosively leaving a caldera (crater big) called Ancient Mount Krakatoa, which is the parent of Mount Krakatoa erupted in 1883. The mountain is composed of andesitic rocks.
Notes on Ancient Krakatau eruption taken from an Old Javanese text entitled Library King Parwa which is estimated to come from in 416 AD. It contained among others, stated:"There is a booming thunder came from Mount Batuwara. There is also a frightening shock earth, total darkness, thunder and lightning. Then came the wind and rain storms are terrible and the whole storm darkens the whole world. A big flood came from Mount Batuwara and flow east toward Mount Kamula .... When the water sink, a separate Java island into two, creating islands of Sumatra "
Berend George Escher geologists and other experts argue that some natural events as told from the Ancient of Mount Krakatoa, which in the text called Mount Batuwara. According to the Reader King Parwa, the high is Proto Krakatau to 2,000 meters above sea level, and the circle of the beach reached 11 kilometers.
Due to the great explosion, three-quarters of the body were destroyed leaving a caldera of Krakatoa Ancient (a large crater) in the Sunda Strait. The sides or edges crater known as Rakata Island, Long Island and Island Sertung, in another note called the island of Rakata, Rakata Island and Small Island Sertung. The explosion was allegedly responsible for the occurrence of the dark ages on earth. Bubonic plague occurred because the temperature cools. This pestilence significantly reduce the number of people on earth.
The eruption was also considered to be contributing for an end to the heyday of ancient Persia, the transmutation of the Roman Empire to the Byzantine Empire, the end of civilization of South Arabia, the extinction of a large Mayan city, Tikal and the collapse of the Nazca civilization in South America full of puzzles. Ancient Krakatoa explosion is expected to last for 10 days with an estimated mass of vomit speeds reach 1 million tons per second. The blast has formed thick atmosphere shields 20-150 meters, lowering the temperature of 5-10 degrees for 10-20 years.
The emergence of Mount KrakatauRakata Island, which is one of three remaining island of Krakatoa Ancient then grow in accordance with volcanic encouragement from the bowels of the earth, known as Mount Krakatoa (or Mount Rakata) made of basaltic rock. Then, the two emerged from the volcano crater, named Mount Danan and Mount Perbuwatan which later united with Mount Rakata which appeared first. The third unity volcano is called Mount Krakatoa.
Mount Krakatoa erupted in 1680 produced andesitic lava acid. Then in 1880, Mount Perbuwatan active issue, although not erupt lava. After that time, there is no volcanic activity at Krakatau until May 20, 1883. On that day, after 200 years of sleep, a small explosion occurred at Mount Krakatoa. That would be the early signs of the massive eruption in the Sunda Strait. This small explosion was followed by small eruptions that peak occurs at 26 to 27 August 1883.
1883 eruptionOn the day Monday, August 27, 1883, promptly at 10:20, the mountain explodes. According to Simon Winchester, a geologist at Oxford University English graduate who is also the author of National Geographic said that the blast was the biggest, loudest voice and the most devastating volcanic event in modern human history. The voice sounded eruptions until 4600 km from the center of the eruption and can even be heard by the eighth inhabitants of the earth at that time.
According to researchers at the University of North Dakota, with the explosion of Krakatoa explosion of Tambora (1815) listed the value of the Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI), the largest in modern history. The Guinness Book of Records recorded the explosion of Anak Krakatau as the most powerful explosion in recorded history.
Krakatoa explosion had thrown stones pumice and volcanic ash by volume of 18 cubic miles. Shot of dust vulkanisnya mencavai 80 km. Hard objects which flew into the air, falling on the plains of Java and Sumatra islands even up to Sri Lanka, India, Pakistan, Australia and New Zealand.
The eruption destroyed Danan Mountain, Mount Perbuwatan and part of Mount Rakata where a half cone is missing, create a basin-wide 7 km and as deep as 250 meters. Sea waves rose as high as 40 meters to destroy the villages and what was on the coast. The tsunami was caused not only because of the eruption but also submarine landslide.
Noted the number of the dead reached 36,417 people from 295 villages in coastal areas ranging from Peacock (Attack) until cilamaya in Karawang, West coast of Banten to display on the island of Cape Panaitan (Ujung Kulon and southern parts of Sumatra. In Ujungkulon, incoming flood to 15 km to the west. The next day, until a few days later, residents of Jakarta and Lampung hinterland no longer see the sun. Tsunami waves generated even creeping up to the Hawaiian coast, west coast of Central America and the Arabian Peninsula that 7 thousand miles away.
Anak KrakatauStarting in 1927 or roughly 40 years after the eruption of Mount Krakatoa, a volcano that emerged is known as Anak Krakatoa caldera of an ancient region which is still active and still growing in height. High growth speed of about 20 inches per month. Every year it becomes more and more about 20 feet wide 40 feet. Another note mentions the addition of high-about 4 cm per year and if calculated, then within 25 years the addition of high-achieving children Rakata 7500 inches or 500 feet higher than the previous 25 years. The cause of the high mountain was caused by the material that comes out of the new belly of the mountain. Currently, the height of Anak Krakatau reach about 230 meters above sea level, while Mount Krakatau previously had 813 meters high above sea level.
According to Simon Winchester, despite what happened in the life of Krakatoa which was very scary realities of geology, seismic and tectonic in Java and Sumatra strange will ensure that what used to happen at some point will happen again. No one knows exactly when the Son of Krakatoa to erupt. Some geologists predict this eruption will occur between 2015-2083. However, the effect of earthquakes on the basis of the Indian Ocean on December 26, 2004 also can not be ignored.Anak Krakatau, February 2008
According to Professor Ueda Nakayama one Japanese expert volcano, Anak Krakatau is still relatively safe although there are active and frequent small eruptions, there are only certain times of the tourists are prohibited from approaching the area because of danger of lava that spewed out of this volcano. Other experts claim there is no plausible theory about the Son of Krakatoa which will re-erupt. Even if there are any more or at least 3 centuries after 2325 AD But clearly, the number of victims caused more awesome than the previous eruption. Anak Krakatoa is currently in general by society better known as "Krakatoa" was also, though in fact is a new mountain that grew after the previous eruption.