Angklung

Angklung is a musical instrument multitonal (dual pitched), which is traditionally grown in the Sundanese-speaking community in the western part of Java Island. This musical instrument made of bamboo, sounded shaken by (the sound caused by the clash of bodies bamboo pipes) so as to produce a sound that vibrates in the arrangement of tones 2, 3, and 4 tones in every size, large or small. Barrel (tone) musical instrument Angklung as Sundanese traditional music is mostly salendro and pelog.
Angklung is listed as Masterpieces of Oral Heritage and Human Nonbendawi of UNESCO since November 2010.
The origin
There is no indication since when angklung used, but the alleged primitive forms have been used in Neolithic culture that flourished in the archipelago until the beginning of the modern calendar, so angklung is part of the relics of pre-culture of Hinduism in the archipelago.
Notes on the emerging angklung refer the Kingdom of Sunda (the 12th century until the 16th century). The origin of the creation of bamboo music, such as angklung based view of the agrarian life of Sundanese people with a source of life of paddy (pare) as a staple food. This gave rise to the myth of trust in Nyai Sri Pohaci as a symbol of Goddess of Rice giver of life (breathe-Hurip). Bedouin society, regarded as the remnants of native Sundanese people, applying the angklung as part of the ritual began planting rice. Games angklung gubrag in Jasinga, Bogor, is one that is still alive since more than 400 years ago. Appearance originated from rice rites. Angklung created and played to lure Dewi Sri down to earth for the people of the rice plant thrives.
This type of bamboo used as a musical instrument is the black bamboo (AWI wulung) and white bamboo (AWI friends). Each tone (barrel) is produced from the sound of tube-shaped bamboo bar (wilahan) every segment of bamboo from small to large.
Known by the Sundanese community since the time of the Sunda kingdom, of which as penggugah spirit in battle. Angklung function as pumping continues to feel the spirit of the people still come to the colonial period, that's why the Dutch East Indies government had banned the use angklung, the ban could make angklung popularity declined and only played by children at that time. [Citation needed]
Furthermore, the songs offerings to Dewi Sri is accompanied by the sound of percussion accompaniment made from bamboo poles that simple packed structures which then was born the bamboo musical instrument we know today named angklung. Similarly, when the harvest festival dedicated to the game and seren taun angklung. Especially at the presentation ceremony Angklung related to rice, it becomes a performance art that are the parade or helaran, even in some places into the convoy Rengkong and Dongdang and Jampana (stretcher food) and so forth.
In its development, angklung grow and spread all over Java, then to Kalimantan and Sumatra. In 1908 recorded a cultural mission from Indonesia to Thailand, among others, marked the transfer angklung and bamboo music of this game also had spread there.
In fact, since 1966, Udjo Ngalagena angklung figures who developed the technique based on barrel-barrel game pelog, salendro, and madenda-start teaching how to play angklung to many people from various communities.
Angklung Kanekes
Angklung Kanekes area (we often call them Baduy) is used primarily because of its relationship with the rites of rice, not solely for the entertainment of people. Angklung is used or is sounded when they grow rice in shifting cultivation (field). Angklung beat when growing rice there is only rung free (dikurulungkeun), especially in Kajeroan (Tangtu; Baduy Jero), and there are with certain rhythmic, namely in Kaluaran (Outer Baduy). However, still can be displayed on the outside but still have the rite paddy rules, for example, may only beaten until his ngubaran pare (treating paddy), about three months from the time planted rice. After that, during the next six months all the arts should not be played, and can be played again on the next rice planting season. Closes angklung implemented with event called musungkeun angklung, namely nitipkeun (leave, keep) angklung after use.
In the presentation of entertainment, usually held during Angklung bright moon and no rain. They play in the game angklung (page widespread in rural areas) while singing various songs, among others: monkey Kasarung, Yandu Aunt, Yandu Sala, Ceuk Arileu, Oray-orayan, Dengdang, Yari Gandang, Oyong-Oyong Bangkong, Kula Agency, Kokoloyoran, Swing-swing, Pileuleuyan, Gandrung Mangosteen, Rujak Gadung, Mulung Muncang, Giler, Ngaranggeong, Aceukna, Marengo, Salak Sadapur, Rangda Ngendong, Celementre, Keupat Reundang, Papacangan, and Culadi Dengdang. The drummers angklung eight people and three drummers drum small size make the standing position while walking in a circle formation. Meanwhile others had ngalage (dance) with a specific movement that has been raw but simple. Everything is done only by men. This is different to the community Daduy In, they are limited by custom with the various rules pamali (abstinence; taboo), should not be doing things excessive worldly pleasures. Art solely for ritual purposes.
Angklung names in Kanekes of the largest are: ovarian, ringkung, Dongdong, gossip, engklok, ovarian leutik, torolok, and Roel. Roel which consists of 2 pieces held by a angklung. The names of the longest drum are: drum, talingtit, and percussion. The use of drum instruments there is a difference, namely in the villages they wear Kaluaran drum as much as 3 pieces. In Kajeroan; Cikeusik village, just use the drum and talingtit, without percussion. In Kajeroan, Cibeo village, just use the drum, without talingtit and percussion.
In Kanekes who is the person entitled to make angklung Kajeroan (Tangtu; Baduy Jero). Kajeroan consists of 3 villages, namely Cibeo, Cikartawana, and Cikeusik. In all three villages is not everyone can make it, only that have offspring and have the right to do just that in addition to the requirements of ritual. Angklung makers in the famous Cikeusik is Amir's father (59), and in Cikartawana father Tarnah. People buy from people Kaluaran Kajeroan in three village.
Angklung Dogdog LojorArt is available at the community dogdog lojor Kasepuhan Pancer Pangawinan or customs union Banten Kidul scattered around Mount Mist (bordering Jakarta, Bogor and Lebak). Although this art is called dogdog lojor, the name of one of the instruments in it, but there is also used angklung because the connection with the ritual of rice. Once a year, after harvesting the whole community held an event or seren Serah Taun Taun on traditional village center. Traditional village center as a place of residence kokolot (elders) the place always on the move as directed supernatural.
The tradition of respect for rice in this community is still carried out because they included people who still adhere to old customs. By tradition they claim to be descendants of the officers and soldiers in the palace Pajajaran Baresan Pangawinan (soldier armed with a lance). Kasepuhan community has embraced Islam and somewhat open to the influence of modernization, as well as entertainment things worldly pleasures can be enjoyed. This attitude also affects the function of art in terms that since about the 1970s, dogdog lojor has been progressing, which is used to enliven the circumcision of children, marriage, and other festive events. The instruments used in the arts dogdog lojor is 2 pieces of fruit and 4 dogdog lojor big angklung. These four fruit angklung has a name, which is called the bark, then panembal, Kingking, and inclok. Each instrument is played by one, making a total of six people.
Songs include dogdog lojor Bale Agung, Side Hideung, shaky-shaky Papanganten, Si Tunggul Kawung, Adulilang, and Adu-complaint. These songs form of vocals with rhythmic dogdog and angklung tend to remain.
Angklung gubrag
Angklung gubrag Cipining there in the village, Cigudeg subdistrict, Bogor. Angklung has old age and used to honor the goddess of rice in the activities carry pare (rice), ngunjal pare (transporting rice), and ngadiukeun (put) into leuit (barn).
In the myth angklung gubrag began there was a time when village Cipining experiencing a bad season.
Angklung BadengBadeng is a type of art that emphasize the musical aspect with angklung as the main instrument. Sanding there Badeng Village, District Malangbong, Garut. Used to serve as entertainment for the benefit of the Islamic da'wah. But the alleged Badeng has been used since the old society from the pre-Islamic for events associated with the ritual of planting rice. As an art to preaching trusted Badeng developed since Islam spread in this area around the 16th century or 17. At that time the population Sanding, Arpaen and Nursaen, studied Islamic religion to the kingdom of Demak. After returning from Demak they preach spread the religion of Islam. One of the means of spreading Islam with the arts used was Badeng.
Angklung used as many as nine pieces, which is 2 angklung Roel, 1 angklung intelligence, 4 Angklung Angklung ovarian and father, 2 angklung children; 2 pieces dogdog, 2 fruit fly or gembyung, and 1 kecrek. The text uses the Sundanese language mixed with Arabic. In its development is now also used the Indonesian language. The contents of the text contains Islamic values ​​and good advice, and according to the purposes of the event. In addition to presenting performances of the songs, well presented attraction supernatural powers, such as slicing the body with sharp weapons.
Songs Badeng: Lailahaileloh, Ya'ti, Kasreng, Yautike, Lilimbungan, Solaloh.
Bean
Beans is a performance art that is entertainment, of which there are at Baros (Arjasari, Bandung). At first the beans used at events related to rice farming. But at the present time beans are used as an entertainment art. This is related to the changing view of society that began less heed to the things smelled of old beliefs. In the 1940s can be regarded as the end of the ritual function in respect of rice beans, because since then beans turned into a show of entertainment. In line with that of rice storage places too (leuit; barn) began to disappear from people's homes, places replaced with a more practical bag, and easy to carry everywhere. Rice even now many are directly sold, not stored in the barn. Thus art beans that had been used for events ngunjal (carrying rice) is not needed anymore.
The name of art relating to a text string beans famous song among the people, namely cis nyengcle beans ... and so on. The text included in arts beans, so the art is called beans.
The instruments used in the arts is 2 angklung ovarian beans, 2 angklung ambrug, angklung panempas, 2 angklung pancer, 1 angklung enclok. Then the 3 pieces dogdog, consisting of 1 talingtit, panembal, and badublag. In its development, then added with tarompet, kecrek, and goong. Angklung beans barreled salendro with song vocals can barreled madenda or gamelan. Beans Songs include: Badud, Beans, Renggong, Senggot, Jalantir, Jangjalik, Ela-ell, Mega Beureum. Now the songs beans have used also the songs of the gamelan, with the singer who was the man angklung players, now by a special lady to sing.
Of the several types of bamboo to music in West Java (Angklung) above, are some examples of the performing arts angklung, which consists of: Angklung Beans (Priangan / Bandung), Angklung Badud (East Priangan / Ciamis), Angklung Bungko (Indramayu) Angklung gubrag (Bogor), Angklung Ciusul (Banten), Angklung Dog dog Lojor (Sukabumi), Angklung Badeng (Malangbong, Garut), and Angklung Angklung Padaeng which is identical to the National with diatonic scales, developed since 1938. Angklung is derived from typical Indonesian Sundanese angklung development. Angklung Sunda who pitched five (salendro or pelog) by Daeng Sutigna aka The Etjle (1908-1984) changed his tone became Western scales (solmisasi) so that it can play a variety of other songs. Investment results and then taught to school students and played a big orchestra.